What Are The Components Of Powder Metallurgy ?

The fundamental core components of powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy is a process technology that uses metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw materials to produce products through forming, sintering, and other processes. The core components can be divided into two categories:
Metal matrix powder
• Iron based materials: Pure iron powder and alloy steel powder (such as chromium molybdenum steel powder and nickel chromium steel powder) are the most commonly used matrix materials, with low cost and a wide range of mechanical property adaptability. They are mostly used in the manufacture of mechanical structural components, gears, etc.
• Copper based: Pure copper powder, bronze powder, brass powder, with good conductivity, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance, commonly used in the production of oil containing bearings, electrical contacts, etc.
• Other metals: powders such as aluminum based, titanium based, nickel based, etc., used for special scenarios such as lightweight components, high-temperature and corrosion-resistant parts, and high-end aerospace components.
Additive
• Lubricants/forming agents: such as zinc stearate and paraffin wax, used to improve the flowability and formability of powders, and will completely evaporate during the sintering process.
• Alloy element powders, such as carbon powder, manganese powder, and molybdenum powder, are used to adjust the mechanical properties of the matrix material, such as increasing strength, hardness, or wear resistance.
• Non metallic strengthening phases, such as graphite powder and ceramic particles (alumina, silicon carbide), are used to enhance the self-lubricating properties, hardness, or high temperature resistance of products.

Example of Composition for Typical Powder Metallurgy Products

• Iron based structural components: iron powder (90% -98%)+graphite powder (0.5% -2%)+copper powder (1% -5%)+a small amount of lubricant .
• Copper based oil bearing: Bronze powder (90% -95%)+graphite powder (5% -10%), porosity can reach 15% -30%, can store lubricating oil and achieve self-lubricating .
• Hard alloy: tungsten carbide powder (80% -95%)+cobalt powder (5% -20%), cobalt acts as a bonding phase to bond tungsten carbide particles, possessing ultra-high hardness and wear resistance .

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